Retinoic acid signaling regulates spatiotemporal specification of human green and red cones

Robert Johnston and Sarah E. Hadyniak, Joanna F. D. Hagen, Kiara C. Eldred, Boris Brenerman, Katarzyna A. Hussey, Rajiv C. McCoy, Michael E. G. Sauria, James A. Kuchenbecker, Thomas Reh, Ian Glass, Maureen Neitz, Jay Neitz, James Taylor | PLOS Biology, 2024 

Trichromacy is unique to primates among placental mammals, enabled by blue, green, and red cones. Our study of human retinas and organoids revealed that timing of retinoic acid signaling regulates the decision between green and red cone fates.